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vLLM: high-throughput LLM serving, OpenAI API, quantization.

Skill metadata


Source	Optional — install with `mibyan skills install official/mlops/serving-llms-vllm`
Path	`optional-skills/mlops/inference/serving-llms-vllm`
Version	`1.0.1`
Author	Orchestra Research
License	MIT
Dependencies	`vllm`, `torch`, `transformers`
Platforms	linux, macos
Tags	`vLLM`, `Inference Serving`, `PagedAttention`, `Continuous Batching`, `High Throughput`, `Production`, `OpenAI API`, `Quantization`, `Tensor Parallelism`

Reference: full SKILL.md

The following is the complete skill definition that Mibyan loads when this skill is triggered. This is what the agent sees as instructions when the skill is active.

vLLM - High-Performance LLM Serving

When to use

Use when deploying production LLM APIs, optimizing inference latency/throughput, or serving models with limited GPU memory. Supports OpenAI-compatible endpoints, quantization (GPTQ/AWQ/FP8), and tensor parallelism.

Quick start

vLLM achieves 24x higher throughput than standard transformers through PagedAttention (block-based KV cache) and continuous batching (mixing prefill/decode requests). Installation:

pip install vllm

Basic offline inference:

from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams

llm = LLM(model="meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct")
sampling = SamplingParams(temperature=0.7, max_tokens=256)

outputs = llm.generate(["Explain quantum computing"], sampling)
print(outputs[0].outputs[0].text)

OpenAI-compatible server:

vllm serve meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct

# Query with OpenAI SDK
python -c "
from openai import OpenAI
client = OpenAI(base_url='http://localhost:8000/v1', api_key='EMPTY')
print(client.chat.completions.create(
    model='meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct',
    messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Hello!'}]
).choices[0].message.content)
"

Common workflows

Workflow 1: Production API deployment

Copy this checklist and track progress:

Deployment Progress:
- [ ] Step 1: Configure server settings
- [ ] Step 2: Test with limited traffic
- [ ] Step 3: Enable monitoring
- [ ] Step 4: Deploy to production
- [ ] Step 5: Verify performance metrics

Step 1: Configure server settings Choose configuration based on your model size:

# For 7B-13B models on single GPU
vllm serve meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.9 \
  --max-model-len 8192 \
  --port 8000

# For 30B-70B models with tensor parallelism
vllm serve meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct \
  --tensor-parallel-size 4 \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.9 \
  --quantization awq \
  --port 8000

# For production with caching (Prometheus metrics are exposed
# automatically at /metrics on the API port)
vllm serve meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.9 \
  --enable-prefix-caching \
  --port 8000 \
  --host 0.0.0.0

Step 2: Test with limited traffic Run load test before production:

# Install load testing tool
pip install locust

# Create test_load.py with sample requests
# Run: locust -f test_load.py --host http://localhost:8000

Verify TTFT (time to first token) < 500ms and throughput > 100 req/sec. Step 3: Enable monitoring vLLM exposes Prometheus metrics at /metrics on the API port (default 8000):

curl http://localhost:8000/metrics | grep vllm

Key metrics to monitor:

vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds - Latency
vllm:num_requests_running - Active requests
vllm:gpu_cache_usage_perc - KV cache utilization

Step 4: Deploy to production Use Docker for consistent deployment:

# Run vLLM in Docker
docker run --gpus all -p 8000:8000 \
  vllm/vllm-openai:latest \
  --model meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.9 \
  --enable-prefix-caching

Step 5: Verify performance metrics Check that deployment meets targets:

TTFT < 500ms (for short prompts)
Throughput > target req/sec
GPU utilization > 80%
No OOM errors in logs

Workflow 2: Offline batch inference

For processing large datasets without server overhead. Copy this checklist:

Batch Processing:
- [ ] Step 1: Prepare input data
- [ ] Step 2: Configure LLM engine
- [ ] Step 3: Run batch inference
- [ ] Step 4: Process results

Step 1: Prepare input data

# Load prompts from file
prompts = []
with open("prompts.txt") as f:
    prompts = [line.strip() for line in f]

print(f"Loaded {len(prompts)} prompts")

Step 2: Configure LLM engine

from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams

llm = LLM(
    model="meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct",
    tensor_parallel_size=2,  # Use 2 GPUs
    gpu_memory_utilization=0.9,
    max_model_len=4096
)

sampling = SamplingParams(
    temperature=0.7,
    top_p=0.95,
    max_tokens=512,
    stop=["</s>", "\n\n"]
)

Step 3: Run batch inference vLLM automatically batches requests for efficiency:

# Process all prompts in one call
outputs = llm.generate(prompts, sampling)

# vLLM handles batching internally
# No need to manually chunk prompts

Step 4: Process results

# Extract generated text
results = []
for output in outputs:
    prompt = output.prompt
    generated = output.outputs[0].text
    results.append({
        "prompt": prompt,
        "generated": generated,
        "tokens": len(output.outputs[0].token_ids)
    })

# Save to file
import json
with open("results.jsonl", "w") as f:
    for result in results:
        f.write(json.dumps(result) + "\n")

print(f"Processed {len(results)} prompts")

Workflow 3: Quantized model serving

Fit large models in limited GPU memory.

Quantization Setup:
- [ ] Step 1: Choose quantization method
- [ ] Step 2: Find or create quantized model
- [ ] Step 3: Launch with quantization flag
- [ ] Step 4: Verify accuracy

Step 1: Choose quantization method

AWQ: Best for 70B models, minimal accuracy loss
GPTQ: Wide model support, good compression
FP8: Fastest on H100 GPUs

Step 2: Find or create quantized model Use pre-quantized models from HuggingFace:

# Search for AWQ models
# Example: TheBloke/Llama-2-70B-AWQ

Step 3: Launch with quantization flag

# Using pre-quantized model
vllm serve TheBloke/Llama-2-70B-AWQ \
  --quantization awq \
  --tensor-parallel-size 1 \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.95

# Results: 70B model in ~40GB VRAM

Step 4: Verify accuracy Test outputs match expected quality:

# Compare quantized vs non-quantized responses
# Verify task-specific performance unchanged

When to use vs alternatives

Use vLLM when:

Deploying production LLM APIs (100+ req/sec)
Serving OpenAI-compatible endpoints
Limited GPU memory but need large models
Multi-user applications (chatbots, assistants)
Need low latency with high throughput

Use alternatives instead:

llama.cpp: CPU/edge inference, single-user
HuggingFace transformers: Research, prototyping, one-off generation
TensorRT-LLM: NVIDIA-only, need absolute maximum performance
Text-Generation-Inference: Already in HuggingFace ecosystem

Common issues

Issue: Out of memory during model loading Reduce memory usage:

vllm serve MODEL \
  --gpu-memory-utilization 0.7 \
  --max-model-len 4096

Or use quantization:

vllm serve MODEL --quantization awq

Issue: Slow first token (TTFT > 1 second) Enable prefix caching for repeated prompts:

vllm serve MODEL --enable-prefix-caching

For long prompts, enable chunked prefill:

vllm serve MODEL --enable-chunked-prefill

Issue: Model not found error Use --trust-remote-code for custom models:

vllm serve MODEL --trust-remote-code

Issue: Low throughput (<50 req/sec) Increase concurrent sequences:

vllm serve MODEL --max-num-seqs 512

Check GPU utilization with nvidia-smi - should be >80%. Issue: Inference slower than expected Verify tensor parallelism uses power of 2 GPUs:

vllm serve MODEL --tensor-parallel-size 4  # Not 3

Enable speculative decoding for faster generation (pass config as JSON; --speculative-model was removed in favor of --speculative-config):

vllm serve MODEL \
  --speculative-config '{"model": "DRAFT_MODEL", "num_speculative_tokens": 5, "method": "draft_model"}'

Advanced topics

Server deployment patterns: See references/server-deployment.md for Docker, Kubernetes, and load balancing configurations. Performance optimization: See references/optimization.md for PagedAttention tuning, continuous batching details, and benchmark results. Quantization guide: See references/quantization.md for AWQ/GPTQ/FP8 setup, model preparation, and accuracy comparisons. Troubleshooting: See references/troubleshooting.md for detailed error messages, debugging steps, and performance diagnostics.

Hardware requirements

Small models (7B-13B): 1x A10 (24GB) or A100 (40GB)
Medium models (30B-40B): 2x A100 (40GB) with tensor parallelism
Large models (70B+): 4x A100 (40GB) or 2x A100 (80GB), use AWQ/GPTQ

Supported platforms: NVIDIA (primary), AMD ROCm, Intel GPUs, TPUs

Resources

Official docs: https://docs.vllm.ai
GitHub: https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm
Paper: “Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttention” (SOSP 2023)
Community: https://discuss.vllm.ai

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Serving Llms Vllm — vLLM: high-throughput LLM serving, OpenAI API, quantization

Skill metadata

Reference: full SKILL.md

vLLM - High-Performance LLM Serving

When to use

Quick start

Common workflows

Workflow 1: Production API deployment

Workflow 2: Offline batch inference

Workflow 3: Quantized model serving

When to use vs alternatives

Common issues

Advanced topics

Hardware requirements

Resources

​Skill metadata

​Reference: full SKILL.md

​vLLM - High-Performance LLM Serving

​When to use

​Quick start

​Common workflows

​Workflow 1: Production API deployment

​Workflow 2: Offline batch inference

​Workflow 3: Quantized model serving

​When to use vs alternatives

​Common issues

​Advanced topics

​Hardware requirements

​Resources

Skill metadata

Reference: full SKILL.md

vLLM - High-Performance LLM Serving

When to use

Quick start

Common workflows

Workflow 1: Production API deployment

Workflow 2: Offline batch inference

Workflow 3: Quantized model serving

When to use vs alternatives

Common issues

Advanced topics

Hardware requirements

Resources