Build auditable financial workbooks headless via openpyxl.

Skill metadata


Source	Optional — install with `mibyan skills install official/finance/excel-author`
Path	`optional-skills/finance/excel-author`
Version	`1.0.0`
Author	Anthropic (adapted by Nous Research)
License	Apache-2.0
Platforms	linux, macos, windows
Tags	`excel`, `openpyxl`, `finance`, `spreadsheet`, `modeling`
Related skills	`xlsx`, `pptx-author`, `dcf-model`, `comps-analysis`, `lbo-model`, `3-statement-model`

Reference: full SKILL.md

The following is the complete skill definition that Mibyan loads when this skill is triggered. This is what the agent sees as instructions when the skill is active.

excel-author

Produce an .xlsx file on disk using openpyxl. Follow the banker-grade conventions below so the model is auditable, flexible, and reviewable by someone other than the person who built it. Adapted from Anthropic’s xlsx-author and audit-xls skills in the anthropics/financial-services repo. The MCP / Office-JS / Cowork-specific branches of the originals are dropped — this skill assumes headless Python.

Output contract

Write to ./out/<name>.xlsx. Create ./out/ if it does not exist.
Return the relative path in your final message so downstream tools can pick it up.
One logical model per file. Do not append to an existing workbook unless explicitly asked.

Setup

pip install "openpyxl>=3.0"

Core conventions (non-negotiable)

Blue / black / green cell color

Blue (Font(color="0000FF")) — hardcoded input a human entered. Revenue drivers, WACC inputs, terminal growth, market data.
Black (default) — formula. Every derived cell is a live Excel formula.
Green (Font(color="006100")) — link to another sheet or external file.

A reviewer can then scan the sheet and immediately see what’s an assumption vs. what’s computed.

Formulas over hardcodes

Every calculation cell MUST be a formula string, never a number computed in Python and pasted as a value.

# WRONG — silent bug waiting to happen
ws["D20"] = revenue_prior_year * (1 + growth)

# CORRECT — flexes when the user changes the assumption
ws["D20"] = "=D19*(1+$B$8)"

The only hardcoded numbers permitted:

Raw historical inputs (actual revenues, reported EBITDA, etc.)
Assumption drivers the user is meant to flex (growth rates, WACC inputs, terminal g)
Current market data (share price, debt balance) — with a cell comment documenting source + date

If you catch yourself computing a value in Python and writing the result, stop.

Named ranges for cross-sheet references

Use named ranges for any figure referenced from another sheet, a deck, or a memo.

from openpyxl.workbook.defined_name import DefinedName
wb.defined_names["WACC"] = DefinedName("WACC", attr_text="Inputs!$C$8")
# then elsewhere:
calc["D30"] = "=D29/WACC"

Balance checks tab

Include a Checks tab that ties everything and surfaces TRUE/FALSE:

Balance sheet balances (assets = liabilities + equity)
Cash flow ties to period-over-period cash change on the BS
Sum-of-parts ties to consolidated totals
No rogue hardcodes inside calc ranges

Example:

checks = wb.create_sheet("Checks")
checks["A2"] = "BS balances"
checks["B2"] = "=IS!D20-IS!D21-IS!D22"
checks["C2"] = "=ABS(B2)<0.01"  # TRUE/FALSE

Cell comments on every hardcoded input

Add the comment AS you create the cell, not later.

from openpyxl.comments import Comment
ws["C2"] = 1_250_000_000
ws["C2"].font = Font(color="0000FF")
ws["C2"].comment = Comment("Source: 10-K FY2024, p.47, revenue line", "analyst")

Format: Source: [System/Document], [Date], [Reference], [URL if applicable]. Never defer sourcing. Never write TODO: add source.

Skeleton: typical financial model

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, PatternFill, Alignment, Border, Side
from openpyxl.comments import Comment
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
from pathlib import Path

BLUE = Font(color="0000FF")
BLACK = Font(color="000000")
GREEN = Font(color="006100")
BOLD = Font(bold=True)
HEADER_FILL = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="1F4E79")
HEADER_FONT = Font(color="FFFFFF", bold=True)

wb = Workbook()

# --- Inputs tab ---
inp = wb.active
inp.title = "Inputs"
inp["A1"] = "MARKET DATA & KEY INPUTS"
inp["A1"].font = HEADER_FONT
inp["A1"].fill = HEADER_FILL
inp.merge_cells("A1:C1")

inp["B3"] = "Revenue FY2024"
inp["C3"] = 1_250_000_000
inp["C3"].font = BLUE
inp["C3"].comment = Comment("Source: 10-K FY2024 p.47", "model")

inp["B4"] = "Growth Rate"
inp["C4"] = 0.12
inp["C4"].font = BLUE

# --- Calc tab ---
calc = wb.create_sheet("DCF")
calc["B2"] = "Projected Revenue"
calc["C2"] = "=Inputs!C3*(1+Inputs!C4)"   # formula, black

# --- Checks tab ---
chk = wb.create_sheet("Checks")
chk["A2"] = "BS balances"
chk["B2"] = "=ABS(BS!D20-BS!D21-BS!D22)<0.01"

Path("./out").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
wb.save("./out/model.xlsx")

Section headers with merged cells

openpyxl quirk: when you merge, set the value on the top-left cell and style the full range separately.

ws["A7"] = "CASH FLOW PROJECTION"
ws["A7"].font = HEADER_FONT
ws.merge_cells("A7:H7")
for col in range(1, 9):  # A..H
    ws.cell(row=7, column=col).fill = HEADER_FILL

Sensitivity tables

Build with loops, not hardcoded formulas per cell. Rules:

Odd number of rows/cols (5×5 or 7×7) — guarantees a true center cell.
Center cell = base case. The middle row/col header must equal the model’s actual WACC and terminal g so the center output equals the base-case implied share price. That’s the sanity check.
Highlight the center cell with medium-blue fill ("BDD7EE") and bold.
Populate every cell with a full recalculation formula — never an approximation.

# 5x5 WACC (rows) x terminal growth (cols) sensitivity
wacc_axis = [0.08, 0.085, 0.09, 0.095, 0.10]        # center row = base 9.0%
term_axis = [0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.035, 0.04]        # center col = base 3.0%

start_row = 40
ws.cell(row=start_row, column=1).value = "Implied Share Price ($)"
ws.cell(row=start_row, column=1).font = BOLD

for j, g in enumerate(term_axis):
    ws.cell(row=start_row+1, column=2+j).value = g
    ws.cell(row=start_row+1, column=2+j).font = BLUE

for i, w in enumerate(wacc_axis):
    r = start_row + 2 + i
    ws.cell(row=r, column=1).value = w
    ws.cell(row=r, column=1).font = BLUE
    for j, g in enumerate(term_axis):
        c = 2 + j
        # Full DCF recalc formula (simplified for illustration).
        # In a real model this references the full projection block.
        ws.cell(row=r, column=c).value = (
            f"=SUMPRODUCT(FCF_range,1/(1+{w})^year_offset) + "
            f"FCF_terminal*(1+{g})/({w}-{g})/(1+{w})^terminal_year"
        )

# Highlight center cell (base case)
center = ws.cell(row=start_row+2+len(wacc_axis)//2,
                 column=2+len(term_axis)//2)
center.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="BDD7EE")
center.font = BOLD

Recalculating before delivery

openpyxl writes formula strings but does not compute them. Excel recalculates on open, but downstream consumers (auto-check scripts, CI) need computed values. Run LibreOffice or a dedicated recalc step before delivery:

# LibreOffice headless recalc
libreoffice --headless --calc --convert-to xlsx ./out/model.xlsx --outdir ./out/

Or use a Python recalc helper (see scripts/recalc.py in this skill).

Model layout planning

Before writing any formula:

Define ALL section row positions
Write ALL headers and labels
Write ALL section dividers and blank rows
THEN write formulas using the locked row positions

This prevents the cascading-formula-breakage pattern where inserting a header row after formulas are written shifts every downstream reference.

Verify step-by-step with the user

For large models (DCFs, 3-statement, LBO), stop and show the user intermediate artifacts before continuing. Catching a wrong margin assumption before you’ve built downstream sensitivity tables saves an hour. Checkpoint pattern:

After Inputs block → show raw inputs, confirm before projecting
After Revenue projections → confirm top line + growth
After FCF build → confirm the full schedule
After WACC → confirm inputs
After valuation → confirm the equity bridge
THEN build sensitivity tables

When NOT to use this skill

Users in a live Excel session with an Office MCP available — drive their live workbook instead.
Pure tabular data export with no formulas — csv or pandas.to_excel is simpler.
Dashboards / charts with heavy interactivity — use a real BI tool.

Attribution

Conventions (blue/black/green, formulas-over-hardcodes, named ranges, sensitivity rules) adapted from Anthropic’s Claude for Financial Services plugin suite, Apache-2.0 licensed. Original: https://github.com/anthropics/financial-services/tree/main/plugins/vertical-plugins/financial-analysis/skills/xlsx-author

تطبيق ديسكتوب

البداية

استخدام مبيان

الميزات

منصات المراسلة

التكاملات

الأدلة والدروس

دليل المطوّر

المرجع

Excel Author — Build auditable financial workbooks headless via openpyxl

Skill metadata

Reference: full SKILL.md

excel-author

Output contract

Setup

Core conventions (non-negotiable)

Blue / black / green cell color

Formulas over hardcodes

Named ranges for cross-sheet references

Balance checks tab

Cell comments on every hardcoded input

Skeleton: typical financial model

Section headers with merged cells

Sensitivity tables

Recalculating before delivery

Model layout planning

Verify step-by-step with the user

When NOT to use this skill

Attribution

​Skill metadata

​Reference: full SKILL.md

​excel-author

​Output contract

​Setup

​Core conventions (non-negotiable)

​Blue / black / green cell color

​Formulas over hardcodes

​Named ranges for cross-sheet references

​Balance checks tab

​Cell comments on every hardcoded input

​Skeleton: typical financial model

​Section headers with merged cells

​Sensitivity tables

​Recalculating before delivery

​Model layout planning

​Verify step-by-step with the user

​When NOT to use this skill

​Attribution

Skill metadata

Reference: full SKILL.md

excel-author

Output contract

Setup

Core conventions (non-negotiable)

Blue / black / green cell color

Formulas over hardcodes

Named ranges for cross-sheet references

Balance checks tab

Cell comments on every hardcoded input

Skeleton: typical financial model

Section headers with merged cells

Sensitivity tables

Recalculating before delivery

Model layout planning

Verify step-by-step with the user

When NOT to use this skill

Attribution